The Responsible Gambling Council (RGC) is dedicated to reducing gambling risks through innovation, awareness and improved safeguards. We believe that gambling should never come at a human cost.

1. Gambling is legal in this western Canadian province, and activities are overseen by the Liquor and Gaming Authority of Manitoba (which was created in 2014 by combining the Manitoba Liquor Control Commission and the Manitoba Gaming Control Commission).
2. As with any online gambling site licensing authority you may have a lot of questions relating to the way the Kahnawake Gaming Commission work and operate, and to hopefully answer as many of your questions as we can, below you will find a round up on the most commonly asked questions regarding the Kahnawake Gaming Commission.
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• • MLA 8TH EDITION
  • Sheppard, R. Ronald and Garry J. Smith. 'Gambling'. The Canadian Encyclopedia, 16 December 2013, Historica Canada. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gambling. Accessed 18 December 2020.
• • APA 6TH EDITION
  • Sheppard, R., & Smith, G., Gambling (2013). In The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gambling
• • CHICAGO 17TH EDITION
  • Sheppard, R. Ronald, and Garry J. Smith, 'Gambling'. In The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Article published February 07, 2006; Last Edited December 16, 2013. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gambling
• • TURABIAN 8TH EDITION
  • Sheppard, R. Ronald, and Garry J. Smith . The Canadian Encyclopedia, s.v. 'Gambling', Last Edited December 16, 2013, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gambling

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Gambling

Gambling is the betting of something of value on the outcome of a contingency or event, the result of which is uncertain and may be determined by chance, skill, a combination of chance and skill, or a contest. Long before John Cabot's voyage to Canada in 1497, gambling was popular among native people. While many of the native games from the past are now recalled only as a part of cultural history, native people used gaming sticks for centuries before the arrival of the Europeans and the decks of playing cards they brought with them.

For the past century or so the most popular gambling games have been the card games of poker, stook and blackjack, and the dice games of craps and barbotte. During the KLONDIKE GOLD RUSH, the game of Faro, played with a regular deck of cards, was popular. The origins of Faro can be traced to the German game of 'landsquenet,' which was played as early as 1400. Faro was introduced by American gamblers in areas such as Dawson City, Yukon, where fortunes were won and lost on the turn of a card. When the gold rush ended, so did the popularity of Faro in Canada, although its popularity has survived in the US. (The name has also survived in the name of the town of FARO, YT.)

Legal Status

Since its original enactment in 1892, the Canadian CRIMINAL CODE, following the English common law, has tolerated gambling under certain conditions. A 1910 amendment allowed pari-mutuel (from 'Paris mutuel') betting. This form of betting, in which winners divide losers' stakes and a cut of the bet goes to the track, to the horsemen and the state, became the official and legal form of betting in France in 1894. The amendment also allowed occasional games of chance where profits were used for charitable or religious purposes. A few games were also permitted at agricultural fairs and exhibitions.

Gambling laws, although amended from time to time, remained relatively unchanged until 1970, when sweeping changes to the Criminal Code gave the provinces the authority to license and regulate gambling, with a few exceptions.

Multibillion-Dollar Industry

The 1970 changes have resulted in the creation of a multibillion-dollar gambling industry throughout Canada. In 1989 Canada's first commercial casino opened in Winnipeg followed in 1993 by Montréal. Other provinces have since followed. Manitoba, Québec, Ontario, Nova Scotia and Saskatchewan all have commercial casino operations. Video Lottery Terminals (VLTs) have been placed in operation by a number of provincial governments. They are simply video slot machines which, instead of vending coins to winners, produce a coupon which is redeemed for cash by the licensee upon whose premises the machines are operated. VLTs have proven to be popular machines and generate millions of dollars annually to provincial governments. The provincial governments are now actively involved in operating LOTTERIES. A large number of charitable and religious groups have come to rely upon gaming revenues for annual budgetary obligations. Agricultural exhibitions and fairs derive substantial profits from gambling activity during annual celebrations. Pari-mutuel racetrack betting has long been a popular pastime; in 1984 Canadians bet $1.64 billion at racetracks across Canada (seeTHOROUGHBRED RACING).

Betting on individual sporting events, by far the most popular form of illegal gambling, generates large profits for the bookmakers, and is the largest source of gambling revenue of ORGANIZED CRIME. Illegal private gaming houses can be found in every major Canadian city. Swindlers using a variety of cheating techniques are common in gaming houses and are also active in legally operated private gambling establishments but almost never attract the attention of law enforcement.

Illegal gambling is generally perceived as a 'victimless crime' and is not one for which the police receive many complaints. Unlike other crimes, modern illegal gambling is tolerated, and there is no public pressure exerted to control it. Its existence and continual growth has seemingly had no effect on the legal gambling market. At the same time, liberalization of legal gambling activities since 1970 appears to have had no effect on illegal gambling.

During the past 80 years gambling in Canada has evolved from an activity socially tolerated only within narrow restraints to a broadly acceptable leisure-time activity. The social, legal and economic consequences of these activities are beginning to be chronicled.

Social Costs

The vast majority of Canadians are able to integrate gambling into their lifestyles without putting themselves in jeopardy; however, for a minority of citizens, out-of-control gambling can have devastating repercussions. Recent provincial studies indicate the about 5% of adults experience problems as a result of their gambling and the adolescent problem gambling rate is 3 times higher than the adult rate. Even though the percentage of problem gamblers in Canadian society is relatively small, excessive gambling is not a victimless activity. It is estimated that a problem gambler has a damaging effect on 10 to 15 people around them, including relatives, friends and employers.

The fallout from uncontrolled gambling includes life savings lost, bankrupted businesses, gamblers turning to crimes such as fraud and embezzlement to support their habits, incidents of child neglect, spouse abuse and fractured marriages, and gambling-related troubles in the workplace such as absenteeism and declining productivity. Provincial governments have begun to recognize that there are social costs associated with gambling, and as a result are providing ongoing funding for programs to prevent or mitigate the damages caused by problem gambling.

Canada Gambling Authority Meaning

Before you can enjoy any form of legal gambling in Canada, it is imperative that you possess a basic understanding of Canadian gambling laws, and how they are relevant to the nation’s gambling market. Canadian criminal laws are enforced on a federal level, but gambling laws are enacted on a provincial and territorial level. This makes criminal laws identical to all provinces and territories but specific gambling regulations different throughout Canada. Today there are multiple forms of legal gambling in all territories and provinces; however, the way they operate differs around the country.

From among the numerous positive attributes that Canada boasts, one of our favorites is their stance on gambling and how they use the revenue produced from casinos, lotteries, sports betting and other wagering services to fund provincial and territorial programs to benefit their local communities. This page is designed to provide insight into the legal gambling options across Canada and to inform our readers about the laws and government agencies that regulate the gaming industry. Gambling laws vary from country to country around the globe, so it is important to stay informed before breaking any international law.

Is Gambling Legal In Canada?

Yes, Canadians have multiple legal gambling entertainment options available to them across the country. In 1969, the Canadian government changed the national criminal code to allow lotteries to help fund the upcoming Olympic games. The change also gave the provinces and territories the authority to allow additional legal gambling entertainment venues. Canada has always stood proudly as being a progressive nation and today each province and territory within its borders provides some form of legal gambling entertainment. Below we have listed the legally sanctioned betting venues found within each of the provinces and territories. The 3 territories are very remote due in part to their northern geographical location, so brick-and-mortar locations are limited if offered at all.

Forms Of Legal Gambling In Canada

As mentioned above, gambling is regulated in Canada through the individual provinces. The provincial government agencies possess the authority to determine what legislation to enact to either allow or prohibit gambling operations in their community. Lawmakers also determine where the revenue earned from those services will be applied and what provincial or territorial public service they will fund. While some form of gambling is legal in all provinces and territories, not all areas allow the same forms of gambling entertainment. The specific regional regulations upheld in the province you reside in or visit will determine which gambling options are available in that area. Below is a list of each province and territory located in Canada, as well as the legally approved forms of gambling services that are regulated by the local governments and in operation at this time.

Alberta – Casinos, Lottery, Sports Betting
British Columbia – Casinos, Lottery, Horse Racing, Sports Betting
Manitoba – Casinos, Sports Betting
New Brunswick – Casinos, Horse Racing, Lottery, Sports Betting
Newfoundland and Labrador – Lottery, Sports Betting
Nova Scotia – Casino, Lottery, Sports Betting
Ontario – Casinos, Lottery, Sports Betting
Prince Edward Island – Casinos, Lottery, Sports Betting
Quebec – Casinos, Lottery, Horse Racing, Sports Betting
Saskatchewan – Casino, Horse Racing, Lottery, Sports Betting
Northwest Territories – Lottery, Sports Betting
Nunavut – Lottery, Sports Betting
Yukon – Casinos, Lottery, Sports Betting

Casinos – Revenue generated from casino licenses and fees often fund government assisted programs such as the free health care system and other local provincial or territorial programs. In the casinos, you are likely to find traditional games such as Slots, Baccarat, Roulette, Video Poker, Blackjack, Craps and more.

Poker – There are over 50 domestic casino locations offering poker tables across Canada. Canadians are permitted to play online poker since there are no laws that specifically outlaw it. Texas Hold’em is one of Canada’s most played poker games.

Lottery – Lotteries are set up by the provinces or territories and fund local community programs. Every province and territory has access to the lottery with most areas having access to multiple lottery games. Sports betting is tagged to lottery services across the provinces and territories.

Sports Betting – Sports betting is allowed across the board with a service known as Sports-Select, Pro-Line, Pari Sportif, or Sports Action. It is the same service with different names across the country. Tickets can be purchased at lottery centers in some provinces now accepting wagers online.

Horse Racing – Horse racing is immensely popular in Toronto. There are at least 5 tracks within the Toronto greater area. All tracks in Canada are located fairly close to the US border.

Forms Of Legal Online Gambling In Canada

Canadians have many options when it comes to betting online. Almost all the territories and provinces allow online betting, and some regulate their own online betting services. Canadian criminal code states that the Canadian government and/or its provinces must license all gambling businesses operating within the nation’s borders. While offshore gambling sites are not subject to Canada’s licensing requirements, we recommend that punters only consider those options that are legitimately licensed and regulated through a respected governing jurisdiction, such as the ones listed in this guide. Many Canadians prefer legally licensed offshore gambling sites for their more attractive bonus offers, better odds, a wider selection of wagering options and betting platforms, and of course, the convenience. According to the Canadian Gaming Association, it is estimated that Canadians wager about $4 Billion a year with offshore online betting sites and some of the more popular forms of online betting come from these services.

• Online Casinos
• Online Poker
• Online Sports Betting
• Online Horse Betting
• Online Lotteries

Important Canadian National Gambling Laws

Bill C290 – Bill C290 was intended to amend the Criminal Code to allow single sport game bets. The way it stands now is that Canadians may place parlay bets on sporting events through local sportsbooks. A parlay bet is a wager placed on the outcome of multiple events, and according to existing law, a minimum of 3 events qualifies for the parlay. The bill was submitted to the House of Commons but was eventually rejected. Had the bill passed, individuals could have placed a wager on just one game, match or event and won or lost the bet based on a single outcome.

Criminal Code 201 – CC201 states that anyone who keeps or operates a gambling house is guilty of a criminal offense and can face up to 2 years in prison. The same applies to anyone who is found in an illegal gambling house or leases, protects, or permits a place to be used as an illegal gambling house.

Criminal Code 202 – This code condemns illegal bookmakers, illegal betting and pool selling. It states that anyone caught placing a bet, accepting a bet or selling a pool bet is susceptible to legal action and could face up to 2 years imprisonment.

Criminal Code 206 – This code lays out punishments for anyone who frauds the lottery system or schemes games of chance. It details many different lottery scheme scenarios and deems them illegal under this code.

Criminal Code 209 – CC209 states punishment up to 2 years imprisonment for anyone who is caught cheating or has intent to defraud anyone or gambling service.

First Nations Gaming Act – A piece of legislation enacted by the First Nations government of Saskatchewan. Lays out an orderly procedure and economic development plan to be driven by the Saskatchewan Indian Gaming Commission.

Who Regulates Gambling In Canada?

Provincial or territorial gaming control boards regulate Canada’s gambling operations. Each province or territory has their own way of regulating games of chance and their own gaming regulators. They also have their own way of disbursing the revenue earned into government funds. Legal gambling options often pay for the Canadian free health care system, educational services, and other government-funded services. Below are the gaming commissions listed and the specific aspect of the gambling industry that they oversee.

Alcohol & Gaming Commission of Ontario – The AGCO is responsible for regulating the gaming industry and horse racing in the province of Ontario.

Alberta Gaming & Liquor Commission (AGLC) – The AGLC regulates the gaming industry in the province of Alberta. Revenue received from gaming activities is returned to the community by the means of licensed charities.

Atlantic Lottery Corporation – a Canadian organization that operates lottery games in Atlantic Canada. Owned jointly by 4 provinces: New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador. Regulates casinos on Prince Edward Island.

British Columbia Gaming Policy / Enforcement Branch – The Enforcement branch regulates lottery games, casino games, online gambling, horse race betting in the province of British Columbia. Revenue generated from gambling is used to fund city services such as health care.

Department of Community Services – Permits charity games for the province of Yukon.

Kahnawake Gaming Commission – The Kahnawake Gaming Commission licenses and regulates interactive gaming, terrestrial poker rooms and raffles in the Mohawk territory of Kahnawake. Kahnawake is regarded as a sovereign nation operating in Canada’s borders but not under Canadian legal authority.

Canada Gambling Authority Act

Liquor and Gaming Authority of Manitoba (LGA) – The LGA licenses gaming employees, products, and operations in the province of Manitoba.

Loto Quebec – Loto Quebec was founded in 1969 to oversee the activities surrounding games of chance in the province of Quebec.

New Brunswick Lotteries & Gaming Corporation – Oversees lottery schemes and responsible for the development and implication of the responsible gaming policy for the province of New Brunswick.

North West Territories Municipal & Community Affairs – Oversees the lottery system for the North West Territory. There are currently no casinos in the NW Territory.

Nova Scotia Provincial Lotteries & Casino Corporation – Regulates games of chance and lotteries and assures that 100% of the profits go back into the community to fund important programs.

Ontario Lottery & Gaming Corporation – Regulates casinos, lotteries and horse racing for the province of Ontario.

Quebec Alcohol, Racing and Gaming Commission – The board has supervision over casinos, horse racing and amusement machines for the province of Quebec.

Saskatchewan Liquor & Gaming Commission (SLGC) – The SLGC regulates gaming operations such as casinos, horse racing and charitable gaming in the province of Saskatchewan.

Service NL – Regulates charitable and non-profit organizations lottery fundraising events.

Legal Minimum Gambling Age

Minimum age requirements for legal gambling correspond with the legal drinking age mandated by the individual provinces and territories. Nineteen is the legal minimum gambling age at casinos throughout most of Canada, but 18 is the legal gambling age in Alberta, Manitoba, and Quebec.

Indian Casinos In Canada

The first Indian casino started operations in Toronto in the early 1990’s but in 1995 the First Nations Gaming Act was enacted to allow regulation of Indian casinos in the Saskatchewan province. By 1996, four more casinos had opened their doors. All casinos are charitable casinos and profits are put back into public funds. Today there are about 20 Indian casinos spread across 6 provinces.

Illegal Gambling Operations In Canada

Canada has a long history of illegal gambling operations that are still active today. Underground illegal gambling houses are in just about every major city throughout the country. These illegal gambling houses often feature illegal gaming machines and table games. Organized crime is often associated with these illegal gambling activities, so local task forces and provincial government agencies are especially looking to curtail these operations. In 2015, 33 illegal gambling houses were uncovered in the Toronto area and one raid even confiscated over $200,000. There have been raids reported in all major cities across Canada, but many of these illegal operations seem to be located in Toronto.

Do I Need To Pay Taxes On My Online Winnings?

No, the Canadian Income Tax Act states that unless someone is a professional and makes a living from gambling, they are not required to pay a tax or claim income on gambling winnings. The Minister of National Revenue states that individuals who consistently earn money from legal gambling and/or originates their primary source of income from gambling can be designated as a business and required to pay taxes on winnings.

Problem Gambling Help In Canada